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- Jonathan's Space Report
-
- Aug 7 1990 (no.47)
- ----------------------------------------------------
-
- Soyuz TM-10 docked with Mir on Aug 3. The new crew, Manakov and Strekalov, have
- taken over the station. The Soyuz TM-9 crew, Solov'yov and Balandin, are
- preparing to return to Earth.
-
- (From the Soviet Embassy Information Desk here in DC)
- (I don't write 'em, I just upload 'em)
-
-
- What Happened in Orbit, or How Minor Trouble Developed Into Major Setback
-
- By Mikhail Chernyshov
-
- It all began with thermal insulation slightly peeling off the Soyuz TM-9
- transport spacecraft. The abnormality, in the view of the ground controllers,
- was so insignificant that it could be ignored. Upon some reflection, however,
- it was decided to roll it back.
-
- Cosmonauts Anatoly Solovyov and Alexander Balandin, during a spacewalk,
- fastened it back, but had to face fresh problems. First, a metal ladder they
- used was left dangerously close to the docking unit and second, the exit hatch
- on the Kvant-2 module refused to close.
-
- Fortunately, the orbital complex is built on about the same principle as the
- submarine. A faulty compartment can be isolated. The cosmonauts did precisely
- this, using the next box [sic] as an airlock. Though there was no immediate
- threat to the complex, Solovyov and Balandin were faced with the need for a
- second spacewalk to remedy the situation.
-
- In the afternoon of 26 July, the cosmonauts started their repairs. They first
- addressed themselves to the hatch, a metal cover one meter in diameter, which
- would not close. A detailed inspection revealed that once of the hatch hinges
- had been bent. By means of a TV camera the cosmonauts showed the damaged part
- to specialists at the ground control center.
-
- While specialists conferred, the cosmonauts were told to remove the ladder.
-
- Clearly, in situations like that, assessments may vary and been directly
- opposite, but in this case no discrepancies were voiced.
-
- "I would not dramatize the events," Vladimir Shatalov, chief of the cosmonaut
- training center said in a short interview. "Even if the hatch cannot be closed,
- let us leave the compartment the way it is until the new crew arrive and then
- decide what to do. The orbital complex is in workable condition, and that's
- what matters most."
-
- In about the same vein were comments by Victor Blagov, deputy flight director.
- He stressed, though, that he was more concerned over the ladder.
-
- "During the first spacewalk on 17 July, the cosmonauts fixed it too close to
- the docking unit. After they left, the ropes got loose, and the ladder is
- slightly unhinged [sic!], which might hinder a second transport ship from
- docking. It is possible to push the ladder away, letting it float freely. But
- it might be needed for further work. The optimum option is therefore to move it
- from the docking unit as far as possible and fasten it tightly to the craft's
- side."
-
- [Question] "How does the control center assess the condition of the Soyuz TM-9
- ship? Will the crew be able to get back to Earth from orbit?"
-
- [Answer] "If the situation with Soyuz TM-9 caused apprehensions," Blagov
- replied calmly "We would have begun repairs on the ship. That's a clear as day.
- You all have a schedule of work. It does not include any ship repairs."
-
- [Question] "What can have caused the hatch fault? The previous crew consisting
- of cosmonauts Alexander Victorenko and Alexander Serebrov twice used the hatch
- to emerge outside when testing the flying chair, and hatch operated normally.
- How can that be?"
-
- [Answer] "One of the causes," Blagov offered his version, "May have been that
- before the hatch was opened during their first spacewalk, that is on 17 July,
- Solovyov and Balandin did not evacuate all the air from the airlock. This
- resulted in the cover opening too quickly."
-
- The same reason is cited by Ivan Vostrokov, deputy general designer of the
- Salyut design office.
-
- "Normally," he explained, "the hatch is opened in two states. The air from the
- airlock is difficult to evacuate fully, there is always some pressure
- remaining. So by means of a wheel cosmonauts first set the hatch slightly ajar,
- with the remaining air escaping from the lock chamber within several dozen
- seconds. All this time the cover is held tight by a special catch. It is only
- when the pressure in the chamber drops to zero, that is equalizes the outside
- pressure, that the cover can be allowed to open fully. The cosmonauts must have
- released the catch too early. The air pressure had a force of 400 kilograms. It
- was that force that pushed the hatch open. And although there is a special
- restraining arm the hinge was bent."
-
- For more than three hours Solovyov and Balandin worked in open space. On the
- whole, the two missions of the second spacewalk were accomplished: they moved
- the ladder to a new place and fastened it, the hatch was closed, if with a
- certain difficulty. The Kvant-2 airlock is not air-tight, but the hinge problem
- remains.
-
- The Kvant-2 airlock is, besides, a kind of garage for the flying chair. This
- "minitaxi" fueled by compressed air serves to move cosmonauts in open space. No
- chair practice was planned for now, but the chair may be required in the
- future.
-
- "In principle," noted Gai Severin, chair designer, "The chair could be prepared
- for operation in a depressurised compartment, but that is not standard."
-
- The flight control center, meanwhile, is summing up the preliminary results of
- the sixth expedition. It was expected that it would yield about 25 million
- roubles in profits, but it looks as though the expedition will break even, with
- expenses and receipts being equal. Nonetheless, the center is glad it has
- carried out an extensive program of nature survey. The cameras photographed 21
- million square kilometers of territory, with a picture resolution of five to
- seven meters. Such photographs are particularly valuable for the economy and
- ecological monitoring.
-
- All four furnaces on the Kristall module worked for a series of technological
- experiments and produced dozens of samples of crystals, although it is of
- course too early to speak of pilot-scale or even experimental production. This
- is a job for the seventh expedition.
-
- Other planned work in biotechnology, astrophysics, and also technical
- experiments were all carried through.
-
- The center is concerned that the amount of material is growing all the time,
- while in a normal Soyuz craft the crew can take with them not more than 50 kg.
- of cargo. A descent capsule has been developed on the Progress basis, which
- will take parcels weighing up to 90 kg from Mir to Earth.
-
- --APN
-
- Mir complex current configuration:
- (docking port numbers are my own arbitrary assignments;
- they are in order of use.)
-
- Mir port 1: Soyuz TM-9
- Mir port 2: Kvant (port 1)
- Mir port 3: Kvant-2 (port 1)
- Mir port 4: Kristall (port 1)
- Mir port 5: (vacant)
- Mir port 6: (vacant)
- Kvant port 2: Soyuz TM-10
- Kvant-2 SPK port: SPK maneuvring unit?
- Kristall port 2+: (vacant)
-
- ___
- / 2 \
- \ \000/
- -) ZDADAD?
- /| / \
- | 3 3
- | 3 3 3
- | 3 3 3
- | 3 3 3
- | /Kristall \
- ______ _____________ | \0 0/
- 3\_____ __ _3 \ 3 \|___\01000/ __ _____/3
- 3TM103 \/ \3 Kvant 33 Mir \/4- \ / \/ 3TM9 3
- 3000030/\00/302 1332 ____ 1 3\00/\0300003
- 3/ 300000/ 300000000000000000/\300/ \3
- @DDDDY 3111111111110/ _/DDDDD\_
- / 1 \
- \0Kvant-20/
- 3 3
- 3 3
- 3 | 3
- 3 | 3
- SPK 3 3
- []3 3
- \00000/
- CDDDDD4
-
- (c) 1990 Jonathan McDowell - modified by C. Radley
-